The information in this Tax Guide is for general guidance only, and does not constitute legal advice, tax advice, accounting services, investment advice, or professional consulting. The information should not and may not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional tax, accounting, legal, or other competent advisers. Before making decisions or taking actions, consult a professional adviser who has been provided with all pertinent facts relevant in your particular situation. Tax articles in this Guide are not intended to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of avoiding accuracy-related penalties that may be imposed on a taxpayer.